2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Considering the Whole Learner: A Theoretical Examination of Learning and Individual Identity using Cognitive Load Theory

Presented at Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES) Technical Session 3: Identity, Professionalization, and Belonging II

Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) is a foundational framework in educational psychology that explains how learners process and manage information. As engineering programs face growing challenges in student retention and engagement, CLT offers an evidence-based approach to enhance learning efficiency. This paper introduces key concepts essential to applying CLT effectively and proposes a promising research direction for extending its use to also support greater inclusion in engineering education. Research shows that students from minoritized populations in engineering experience more stress and anxiety than their peers from dominant groups. To date, most studies have approached this issue from sociocultural perspectives, such as stereotype threat and sense of belonging. However, limited research from a cognitive lens has also revealed that course redesigns to reduce extraneous load have a greater impact on the performance of minoritized students than their peers. This finding suggests that heightened stress and anxiety can burden working memory, increase the risk of cognitive overload, and limit student learning and knowledge retention. This study repurposes qualitative data from interviews with engineering students to examine how identity-related challenges contribute to cognitive load. Although the original interviews did not address cognitive load explicitly, analysis reveals numerous instances in which students experienced mental fatigue, excessive cognitive demand, and various forms of cognitive load due to marginalization, imposter syndrome, and code switching, and stereotype threat. By reviewing the foundational principles of CLT and examining student experiences connecting identity-related factors to learning, this work highlights the urgent need for research that transfers CLT's principles into this domain and positions it as a potential lens for addressing systemic inequities in engineering education.

Authors
  1. Gabriel Van Dyke Utah State University [biography]
  2. Vanessa Tran Utah State University [biography]
Download paper (1.09 MB)

» Download paper

« View session

For those interested in:

  • Broadening Participation in Engineering and Engineering Technology