In the evolving landscape of engineering education, there's a pronounced shift from traditional learning to skill-based curricula that promote active learning. Such curricula are primed to foster design thinking, which accentuates a creative and iterative problem-solving methodology. Nonetheless, for effective skill-based instruction, educators must first grasp the nuances and potential pitfalls inherent in the learning process for each student that prevent students from mastering each skill. This cognizance aids educators in refining curricular components based on student performance and providing meaningful feedback for the students. The purpose of this study is to explain the impact of different levels of cognition mistakes on the required interventions for each student to navigate them to the mastery level. So, we introduce the Partial-Mastery Cognitive Diagnosis (PMCD) model as an Artificial Intelligent-driven tool to optimize and assess skill mastery within large engineering classroom assessments. The model classifies specific cognitive errors made by students and defines new ways of identifying students who are not fully mastered but have an explainable cognition error. The results enable educators to create interventions that pinpoint and rectify these classified misconceptions, adapt curriculum based on student mastery, and provide targeted reeducation and feedback for each cognitive error.
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