2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Exploring Diverse Work Personas of Engineering Design Graduates through Cluster Analysis

Presented at Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 12

(Paper type: Research) Engineering schools increasingly endeavor to diversify their educational offerings to meet students’ needs of pursuing various career trajectories. However, students’ aspirations are often shaped by engineering stereotypes and less informed by profiles of real-world engineering practices. Moreover, little research has been done to portray diverse profiles of engineering graduates. This study aims to fill this gap by conducting a cluster analysis to synthesize archetypical work profiles (i.e., work personas) based on a survey sample of 719 graduates of Mechanical Engineering with on average 16.8 years after completing a graduate-level design program from a U.S. university. What are the different work profiles of engineering design graduates and how can these different profiles be characterized? To answer the question, we used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in combination with k-means Cluster Analysis which constructed five types of personas based on self-reported behaviors in engineering, design and innovation activities. We used job functions and a variety of self-efficacies to further validate and analyze the distinct personas that the engineering graduates have pursued. Of the five clusters, we find many attributes of Cluster One (C1) (6.1% of the survey population) diverge from engineering, design and innovation activities; we have focused on analyzing the Early Career Engineers C2 (25.3%), Expected Engineers C3 (29.8%), Managerial Engineers C4 (17.4%) and the Innovative Engineers C5 (21.34%). Innovative Engineers C5 shows consistently high engagement with all the different engineering design-affiliated work activities. Early Career Engineers C2 and Expected Engineers C3 exhibit similar shapes of engagement, with relatively lower scores in marketing & sales behaviors than the other behaviors. Managerial Engineers C4 have the most MBAs and expand what engineers do. The various engineering design routes engineering designers have taken as evidenced from the dataset expand our understanding of what engineers could do. The current study provides concrete insights for guiding engineering students in exploring various career options and contributes to engineering education research on career pathways.

Keywords: Workplace, Engineering Professions, Quantitative Analysis, Cluster Analysis, Graduate Education, Career Paths

Authors
  1. Dr. Mark Schar Stanford University [biography]
  2. Dr. Sheri D. Sheppard Stanford University [biography]
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