COVID-19 emerged in early 2020 killing an estimated 7 million people by April 2025. Wearing masks and maintaining social distance can help limit the spread of infection. However, uncertainty, changing scientific insights, politics, cultural norms and values, knowledge, education, and more influence adherence to government masking mandates. First responders and emergency managers are at the forefront of response operations. Despite their critical role, little research has addressed the willingness of such personnel to wear non-medical masks during a pandemic. Accordingly, this 10-week qualitative student-led Research Experience for Undergraduates study aims to critically evaluate the perceptions of non-medical mask usage amongst first responders and emergency managers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The full paper will be available to logged in and registered conference attendees once the conference starts on June 22, 2025, and to all visitors after the conference ends on June 25, 2025