Deep within each ear is a balance system called the vestibular labyrinth, composed of three semicircular canals. The semicircular canals are fluid-filled, and fluid displacement occurs within the canal, triggering nerve signals to be translated by the nervous system, allowing for the interpretation of the head's orientation. When there is a disturbance to this system, vestibular dysfunction occurs potentially causing vertigo and a loss of balance. It is estimated that 35% of adults 40 years or older in the United States have experienced vestibular dysfunction. The vestibular balance system poses a robust, unique topic for developing interdisciplinary education curricula as its function encapsulates many fundamental mechanical, chemical, biological, and physical phenomena that can be studied with engineering concepts and principles. In this work, we present a survey of the state-of-the-art macro-models of the vestibular sensory system and current understanding of causes of vestibular dysfunction. Following which, selected models are presented in an experiential learning format for students to better understand the relationship and sensitivity of model parameters and external stimuli to physiological system behavior. By conducting simulations of these models, students are able to visualize outcomes, pose questions and potentially identify areas of research interest.
This paper is the outcome of an Innovations in Graduate Education project supported by the National Science Foundation. The authors are graduate students from three different engineering majors and two universities co-creating an educational module with faculty and experts on the topic of human balance. The developed module related to analyzing the vestibular balance system mechanics will be integrated into undergraduate classes across engineering departments.
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