2026 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Prudent AI Integration in Technical Decision-Making: A Case Study in Heat Pump Electrical Design

Presented at Engineering Technology Division (ETD) Technical Session 1

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are increasingly used in engineering design, yet their recommendations often require human interpretation, contextualization, and validation—especially in safety-critical domains. This paper presents a case study of a dual-zone residential heat pump installation where AI-generated electrical design recommendations were plausible but incomplete, omitting key National Electrical Code (NEC) requirements and manufacturer constraints. Through iterative human–AI dialogue, the designer identified hidden assumptions, corrected non-compliant outputs, and refined the design to ensure full code compliance. The analysis shows how develops through questioning, how human-in-the-loop oversight enhances safety and accountability, and how collaborative reasoning improves technical results. Drawing from research in AI governance, explainability, and STEM education, the paper proposes a replicable instructional model for Engineering Technology programs that uses AI-assisted design tasks to teach students how to critically examine automated recommendations, apply codes and standards, and communicate technical rationale. The case illustrates how AI can serve as a catalyst for inquiry-based learning and responsible engineering practice.

Authors
  1. Robert Lee Gass Purdue Polytechnic Institute, Purdue University – West Lafayette [biography]
  2. Dr. Anne M Lucietto Orcid 16x16http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0053-753X Purdue Polytechnic Institute, Purdue University – West Lafayette [biography]
Note

The full paper will be available to logged in and registered conference attendees once the conference starts on June 21, 2026, and to all visitors after the conference ends on June 24, 2026

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