2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Introduction:
In this Work-In-Progress poster, we recognize the manifold advantages of discussion-based and team-oriented learning in contrast to traditional lecture-style formats. However, in light of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, heightened attention is being directed toward indoor air quality, particularly in confined spaces such as classrooms where extensive face-to-face interactions occur, perhaps discouraging team discourse. Conventional classroom designs, whether for discussions or lectures, were not originally conceived to consider and accommodate ample personal space. While there have been a few studies on airflow and airborne particle transmission in lecture-style settings, a noticeable gap exists in the analysis of discussion-based classroom configurations where closer interpersonal interactions are expected.

We aim to combine traditional parametric and emerging generative design techniques to inform and improve the physical environment for collaborative learning as a part of the human-centered design curriculum focused on occupant health in building design.

Our objective is to leverage AI-driven Generative Design to design improved learning environments that consider air quality as a crucial constraint. We intend to achieve this by utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations within a heavily utilized discussion-based classroom. Subsequently, we aim to optimize the classroom layout, seating arrangements, and HVAC settings using Generative Design in Building Information Modeling (GD-BIM) methodologies to minimize the transmission of airborne diseases particles.

Objectives:
Our objective is to show the workflow of rapid building design using GD-BIM and health risk using CFD by assessing the potential risk of student exposure to infection during collaborative interactions within a discussion-style classroom using Ansys Fluent CFD simulations. As well as optimizing room layout that prioritizes student health and safety while preserving the beneficial discussion-style learning using Autodesk Revit Generative Design.

Methods:
We conducted measurements within a classroom featuring four large discussion tables and four collaborative tables equipped with a computer. To ensure accurate room dimensioning, we compared the measurement to the construction blueprints. The room is further characterized by a door, two window-mounted air-conditioning units, and eight windows.
Leveraging CAD software Autodesk Fusion and Revit, we meticulously constructed a detailed digital model of the classroom. Subsequently, we executed CFD simulations using Ansys Fluent for various scenarios, including cases with doors and windows open and closed, and variations in the operation of the air conditioning system. More importantly, these simulations also considered the presence of students’ activities such as speaking, coughing, and sneezing.
Moreover, we employed Autodesk Revit GD to optimize the classroom’s seating and HVAC layout. Finally, we repeated the CFD simulations and compared them with the existing room layout benchmark results to determine any improvements in air quality.

Preliminary Results:
Preliminary results suggest that this innovative integration of AI-driven Generative Design in Building Information Modeling (GD-BIM) with advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations carries significant implications for student health in the context of collaborative learning. This pioneering workflow not only promises to influence but also expedites the design of interior layouts conducive to collaborative learning, thereby enhancing overall health and learning experience for students.